| Solar panel | Solar array act as devices that change sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They are an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and sustainable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of beaches with soft sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its rich cultural heritage, famous sights, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a diverse scenery of undulating terrain, old castles, and busy metropolitan areas that blend heritage with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental light emitted by the star, vital for living organisms on Earth as it offers fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a kind of power resulting from the motion of electrically charged entities, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels countless appliances and systems, supporting today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions determine the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way stream of electric charge, usually produced by batteries, electrical sources, and solar panels. It provides a constant voltage or current, causing it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A power source is a device that stores chemical energy and converts it into current to power various electronic gadgets. It comprises several galvanic units, each containing positive and negative electrodes interposed by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) created by solar panels into AC fit for domestic use and grid connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and providing safe, dependable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips polarity regularly, generally used in home and commercial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to ascertain the size, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, climate gauges, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement during the day, maximizing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge plants that utilize sunlight to create electricity using numerous solar panels. They offer a renewable and renewable energy resource, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that absorb sunlight and generate power. This electricity is then beamed to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess energy generated from renewable sources or the power grid for future use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These solutions generally use batteries to offer backup energy, cut down energy costs, and support grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells chronicles the progress and innovations in solar energy technology from the beginning finding of the solar effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar arrays. It showcases key breakthroughs, including the development of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have substantially improved energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a Gallic scientist noted for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and glow. His tests laid the basis for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American creator who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the foundation for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases considerable amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned innovative entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and 14, widely known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a solid, fragile crystal material with a blue-grey sheen, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact device installed on each solar module to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology improves system performance, allows for improved performance oversight, and improves energy yield in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that converts sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is commonly used in solar arrays to supply a sustainable and renewable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon serves as a basic particle that represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the process by which particular compounds turn sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This effect is the basic concept behind solar panel systems, facilitating the capturing of solar energy for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as users, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components sequentially, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the same voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the rate at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. It is generated through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and fundamental for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a unit of power in the metric system, representing the measure of energy movement or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electronic pressure difference between two points, which pushes the flow of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and represents the power per unit charge accessible to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the derived unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between two points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric flow is the passage of electric charge through a conductor, typically measured in amperes. It is essential for powering electronic devices and enabling the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere represents the standard of electrical flow in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electric charge through a wire over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and capacity of power systems to ensure secure and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power provides a convenient and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for charging and energizing a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that converts direct current (DC) from inputs like batteries or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in environments where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack functions as an collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically align the angle of solar panels to follow the solar trajectory throughout the day, enhancing solar energy capture. This system increases the effectiveness of solar power gathering by ensuring best solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to optimize the power generation of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the working point to correspond to the maximum power point of the solar cells. This process guarantees the most efficient energy extraction, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually tailored improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a instrument that observes and evaluates the performance of solar power systems in live, providing useful data on energy generation and system health. It helps optimize solar energy output by spotting problems ahead of time and guaranteeing maximum performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of numerous tiny silicon crystal structures, frequently used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves melting and reforming silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline form fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a ultra-pure form of silicon with a single crystal arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronics. Its uniform structure allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a kind of thin-film solar method that provides a cost-effective and high-performance solution for large-scale solar energy production. They are recognized for their high absorption efficiency and moderately reduced manufacturing costs compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar cells that use a layered compound of copper, In, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into energy efficiently. They are recognized for their great light capturing effectiveness, flexibility, and potential for compact, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular configuration, making it more flexible and easier to deposit than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its affordability and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Next-generation photovoltaic modules aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing state-of-the-art materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-junction solar panels are advanced photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n connections stacked together to capture a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, substantially increasing their efficiency. They are primarily employed in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that transform solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are materials composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as lasers, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its excellent electron mobility and efficiency in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to concentrate sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-band solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, delivering a cost-effective option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a delicate coating of copper indium gallium selenide as the light-absorbing layer, known for high efficiency and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with great output in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These films are vital in electronic devices, optics, and films for their unique physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness sunlight to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of substance covering a few nanometers to multiple micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, optics, and healthcare, to alter surface properties or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for gauging structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are high-precision gauges used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, generally in machining and manufacturing. They feature a scaled screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, circular slice of silicon crystal used as the substrate for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the creation of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and bendability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They employ a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight immediately into electrical energy with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being economical and having a comparatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into power using solar panels, supplying a green energy source for household, business, and utility-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to decrease reliance on fossil fuels and reduce carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into electricity using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This technology offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to convert sunlight into electric power. They are compact, pliable, and offer the potential for lower-cost, broad solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a promising electronic substance used in laminate solar modules due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an desirable option for sustainable photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, facades, and glazing. This innovative approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining aesthetic appeal and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations details various extensive solar energy installations around the world, highlighting their capacities and sites. These stations serve a crucial role in renewable energy production and worldwide efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. They are essential in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental issues encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from environmentally friendly sources that are constantly replenished, such as solar radiation, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and enhancing lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as bituminous coal, oil, and methane, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are consumed when used. They are the main power sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose ecological and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in electricity plants where turbines and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, quicksilver, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how efficiently a solar cell generates sunlight into usable electrical energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when radiation shining on a metal surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This expansion is revolutionizing the world energy sector by increasing the percentage of sustainable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a clear component that refracts light to focus or separate rays, forming images. It is often used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It improves the clarity and illumination of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that their wave heights negate each other, causing a diminution or complete elimination of the resultant wave. This phenomenon generally happens when the waves are phase-shifted by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | AC refers to an electric current that alternates direction, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, allowing effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact device used to transform DC from a single solar panel into AC suitable for household use. It improves system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and simplifies installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a setup where the voltage level and electric current cyclically reverse direction, enabling cost-effective transmission over long distances. It is generally used in homes and industries to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical connector used to provide DC energy from a energy source to an device. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that provide a reliable and consistent link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a international security validation organization that tests and endorses products to confirm they adhere to specific security requirements. It assists consumers and businesses recognize dependable and secure products through strict assessment and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electrical networks in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this configuration, the identical current passes through all elements, and the total voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electrical circuits where parts are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows units to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in one sense exclusively, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12V, intended to supply electrical power for multiple devices and accessories within a automobile. It enables users to charge electronic gadgets or use small appliances during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking devices to PCs, facilitating information exchange and power supply. It accommodates a wide range of hardware such as input devices, mouses, external storage, and mobile phones, with different versions delivering faster speeds and enhanced functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency plays a key role in increasing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to gamma radiation, featuring diverse wavelengths and power. This band is essential for numerous technological applications and natural events, enabling data exchange, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a kind of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the solar radiation. It serves a important role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also result in skin injury and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and sophistication by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, usually measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to calculate the magnitude of power or power received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with grasping the dispersion and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different colors or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to illustrate the dispersion of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An air mass is a big volume of air with relatively consistent temp and humidity features, coming from from certain source areas. These airmass influence weather systems and sky situations as they travel over various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the manner of solar rays. It varies with solar cycles and Earth's weather systems, influencing weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the panels of solar arrays, which diminishes their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and servicing are essential to limit energy loss and maintain maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage is the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when no current is flowing, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It creates a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power capacity of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak potential to produce electricity in typical testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to check the potential difference between two points in a circuit. It is widely employed in numerous electrical and electronic setups to ensure proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage currents and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron serves as a semi metallic element essential for plant growth and employed in different industrial uses, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits unique chemical properties that render it beneficial in producing robust, heatproof materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring ideal tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This strategy enhances crop production while at the same time generating renewable energy, promoting sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shade while generating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel setup is a collection of numerous solar modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to generate clean, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio cover is a framework that provides shade and protection from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a courtyard, making it a pleasant area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of celestial entities in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an viewer to a target object. It is often used in wayfinding, land measurement, and celestial observation to indicate the orientation of an object relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a electronic substance extensively utilized in thin film solar panels due to its excellent performance and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates outstanding optical features, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of energy output equal to a billion W, used to measure large-scale energy production and utilization. It is generally associated with electricity stations, national grids, and significant energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in producing thin-film solar panels that deliver excellent efficiency and low-cost power generation. The company is dedicated to green renewable energy advancement and cutting down the global dependence on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in effortlessly connecting various components of factory and automation systems to boost performance and reliability. It aims on building innovative solutions that facilitate smooth communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese-based corporation expert in manufacturing and innovating solar photovoltaic items and systems. It is known for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to indicate the ability of massively scaled electricity production or consumption. It highlights the vast energy magnitude involved in contemporary power infrastructure and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Learning curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost drops as cumulative output rises, due to learning and optimization achieved over time. This concept highlights the importance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of generating solar or wind energy becomes the same as or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity signifies that renewable energy technologies are financially viable with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a network of power lines, providing a consistent source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is delivered through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the optimum and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the sun's rays using solar cells to convert electricity or through thermal solar systems to provide warmth. It is a green, renewable, and planet-friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, corporate, and industrial settings to produce renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered products features a range of gadgets that utilize sunlight to produce energy, encouraging eco-friendly and sustainable living. These products include everything from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor tools, delivering versatile options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses or reflectors focusing solar radiation on high-performance photovoltaic cells, significantly increasing energy capture from less space. This technology works well where direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
