Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are devices that change sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that collects sunlight to convert heat, generally used for water heating or space heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses solar radiation to generate thermal energy, which can be used for water heating, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its wealthy cultural legacy, notable attractions, and bustling urban areas like the capital. It boasts a mixed terrain of rolling hills, historic forts, and bustling urban centers that combine tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the sun, essential for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a type of power generated by the motion of charged particles, primarily electrons. It powers numerous appliances and networks, supporting modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the single-direction movement of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and changes it into electric power to operate various electronic gadgets. It includes several electrochemical cells, each housing electrode pairs divided by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a instrument that transforms direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for household use and grid connection. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and ensuring secure, reliable power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that flips direction cyclically, generally used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is marked by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a instrument used to determine the size, volume, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, climate gauges, and manometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that instantaneously its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining maximum sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale plants that utilize sunlight to generate electricity using many solar panels. They supply a green and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves setting up photovoltaic panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected solar energy setup converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A space-based solar power system is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and generate power. This energy is then beamed to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions store excess energy generated from renewable sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, improving energy independence and efficiency. These installations commonly employ batteries to deliver backup power, reduce energy costs, and aid grid stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels tracks the development and improvements in photovoltaic technology from the initial discovery of the solar effect to modern high-efficiency photovoltaic modules. It highlights key breakthroughs, including the invention of the initial silicon solar cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have significantly enhanced power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French physicist by profession noted for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescence. His research laid the foundation for understanding how light interacts with specific materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrical engineer and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of Se in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States innovator who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a renowned innovative entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical with the symbol Si and number 14, widely known for its crucial role in the production of electronics and solar modules. It is a solid, fragile crystalline solid with a bluish-gray shine, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a small unit installed on each photovoltaic panel to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system performance, enables better performance oversight, and improves power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a unit that turns sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to offer a renewable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon is a elementary particle representing a unit of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without possessing rest mass. It plays a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the fundamental concept behind photovoltaic technology, allowing the capturing of solar sunlight for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a more affordable price. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of construction parts and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furniture, and external influences. Both are important considerations in structural design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components sequentially, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, permitting several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the speed at which electricity flows by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through multiple sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and sustainable sources, and crucial for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a measure of power in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electronic potential difference between two points, which pushes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the work per individual charge available to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electrical potential, potential difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between points in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electrical current is the movement of electricity through a metal wire, commonly measured in A. It is crucial for energizing electronic devices and allowing the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere is the standard of electrical flow in the SI units, represented by A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and Electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and capacity of power systems to maintain safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical enclosure used to protect wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to link solar panels in a secure and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a convenient and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and energizing a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a instrument that converts DC from inputs like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for home devices. It allows the application of common electrical appliances in environments where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically align the angle of photovoltaic panels to track the sun’s path throughout the day, optimizing power intake. This technology improves the effectiveness of solar energy collection by maintaining ideal panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to maximize the power output of solar energy systems by constantly tuning the working point to match the maximum power point of the solar cells. This process provides the most efficient power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by minimizing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in live, providing valuable data on energy production and system condition. It helps maximize solar power generation by spotting issues ahead of time and guaranteeing highest efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sun rays directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to power homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless minute silicon crystals, frequently used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves melting and recrystallizing silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline structure fit for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium form of silicon with a continuous crystal arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in photovoltaic modules and electronic components. Its uniform framework allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in superior performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics are a kind of film solar technology that offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for extensive solar energy generation. They are recognized for their excellent absorption capability and moderately affordable manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are thin-film photovoltaic devices that use a composite compound of copper, In, Ga, and Se to convert sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their high absorption performance, flexibility, and possibility for portable, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular structure, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in photovoltaic thin films and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n junctions arranged in unison to absorb a wider range of the solar spectrum, greatly increasing their efficiency. They are mainly applied in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays serve as crucial elements that transform solar radiation into electric power to power onboard instrumentation. They are typically lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is commonly used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is perfect for massive solar power plants in areas with clear sunlight, delivering a economical approach for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological fields. These coatings are vital in electronic systems, light manipulation, and films for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a layer of substance ranging from fractions of a nanometer to several micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for purposeful functions. These films are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are precision gauges used to precisely measure tiny gaps or thicknesses, generally in machining and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw mechanism that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a thin, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the foundation for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the manufacture of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are thin-film solar units recognized for their excellent performance and adaptability, making them suitable for diverse applications. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight immediately into power with outstanding performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is known for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into energy using solar panels, providing a sustainable energy source for residential, commercial, and grid applications. They deliver a clean, long-lasting, and economical way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that transforms sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to take in light and produce electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for see-through and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for cost-effective, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that use carbon-based compounds, to turn solar radiation into electricity. They are compact, pliable, and enable cost-effective, extensive solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor compound used in laminate solar cells due to its earth-abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an appealing alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of building materials, such as roofing, building exteriors, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and structural functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Window film installation involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, increases energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of PV power stations information various extensive solar energy facilities around the world, demonstrating their power and sites. These facilities function a important role in renewable energy production and global efforts to cut carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are extensive facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as waste, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote green approaches and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, breezes, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, minimizing ecological footprint and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the main fuels for power production and mobility but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various energy types such as coal, oil, and natural gas, atomic energy, and green energy into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, poisonous elements such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how effectively a solar cell converts sunlight into convertible power. Improving this efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy production and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum physics by showing that photon energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves exposing products to increased stresses to speedily determine their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past ten years, driven by innovations and cost reductions. This growth is transforming the global energy landscape by raising the share of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power installations designed to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through device that bends light to focus or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in equipment like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the normal line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a delicate film applied to lens surfaces to reduce glare and increase light flow. It boosts the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by minimizing unwanted reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels negate each other, leading to a diminution or total eradication of the combined wave. This occurrence generally happens when these waves are out of phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally throughout its cycle, enabling effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a miniature component used to transform direct current (DC) from a individual solar module into AC suitable for household use. It boosts system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and streamlines installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a setup where the voltage level and current periodically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is commonly used in households and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC plug is a type of electrical coupling used to provide DC energy from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that guarantee a secure and consistent connection for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international safety approval organization that tests and certifies products to guarantee they meet specific security standards. It helps consumers and companies recognize dependable and protected products through rigorous review and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the constant electric current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, giving multiple channels for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode acts as a semiconductor device that permits current to pass in one sense exclusively, serving as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and attachments inside of a automobile. It allows users to charge electronic devices or operate small devices when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking devices to PCs, facilitating information exchange and power delivery. It accommodates a variety of devices such as input devices, mice, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with multiple versions delivering higher speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into electrical energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy production and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing developments in solar, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to gamma radiation, each with varied wavelengths and energies. This range is essential for a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and comprehension of the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the sun. It has a important role in processes like vitamin D production but can also result in skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This design approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining steady color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, usually measured in watts/m². It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to quantify the intensity of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a particular surface, frequently in fields like meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the distribution and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of various colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to depict the spread of light or signal frequencies in various scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large body of air's with relatively even thermal and humidity features, originating from certain starting zones. These air masses influence weather patterns and sky situations as they pass through diverse zones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the intensity per square kilometer received from the Sun in the form of light. It fluctuates with solar phenomena and Earth's weather systems, impacting global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Contamination in photovoltaic systems refers to the accumulation of dust, and other particles on the surface of solar panels, which reduces their performance. Routine maintenance and servicing are essential to reduce energy waste and ensure maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, measured across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current is the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, takes place, going around the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the peak power capacity of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak ability to produce electricity in conventional testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to check the electrical potential between two points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in solar modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi-metal element crucial for plant growth and used in various industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits distinctive chemical properties that make it valuable in creating robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a robust and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant captures sunlight using large arrays of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined practice of utilizing land for both solar energy output and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This method enhances crop production while simultaneously creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight on both sides, enhancing overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by taking advantage of albedo mirroring and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides cover while creating electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of multiple solar modules configured to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio shield is a framework that offers shade and shelter from the conditions for al fresco areas. It boosts the functionality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a cozy area for leisure and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an spectator. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a azimuth measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, mapping, and celestial observation to define the bearing of an celestial body in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical characteristics, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An list of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a unit of power equal to one billion watts, used to measure large-scale electricity output and consumption. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, focused on producing thin film solar cells that provide excellent efficiency and affordable power output. The organization is committed to eco-friendly energy development and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly connecting various parts of industrial and automated systems to boost performance and reliability. It concentrates on developing cutting-edge solutions that facilitate seamless communication and interoperability among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an top China's company specializing in producing and developing photovoltaic solar products and solutions. It is known for cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly energy programs in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to represent the ability of large-scale electricity production or consumption. It underscores the immense energy scale involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the cost per unit of production reduces as cumulative output grows, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies achieved over time. This effect highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and enhancing efficiency in production and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight straight into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, renewable energy source that assists cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the expense of producing solar or wind energy becomes the same as or less than the price of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving grid parity indicates that renewable energy technologies are financially competitive with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to houses and businesses through a system of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, depending on the country, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is harnessed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a green, sustainable, and planet-friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, corporate, and factory sites to produce green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, offering sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are absent. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A list of solar-powered goods features a variety of tools that harness sunlight to generate energy, encouraging eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor equipment, offering flexible options for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses and mirrors focusing sunlight onto highly efficient photovoltaic cells, significantly boosting energy capture using a compact footprint. This method works well in areas with intense, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to cut the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |